Militarization of Yonaguni Island: Japan’s Westernmost Outpost
Yonaguni Island’s Militarization: Security Boost or Risky Gamble?
Yonaguni Island, Japan’s westernmost inhabited island, has become a focal point in the country’s evolving defense strategy. Located just 110 km (68 miles) from Taiwan, the island’s strategic position has led to increased military presence, with Japan stationing its Ground Self-Defense Force (GSDF) troops there since 2016. Recent developments suggest further expansion, sparking both support and opposition from residents and geopolitical analysts.
The Reasons Behind Militarization
Japan’s decision to strengthen its defense presence on Yonaguni is largely influenced by rising regional tensions. With China’s increasing military activities around Taiwan and disputed territories in the East China Sea, Japan views fortifying its westernmost islands as a necessary step to safeguard national security. The move is part of a broader effort to reinforce Japan’s defense posture under its alliance with the United States.
In August 2022, following then-U.S. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi’s visit to Taiwan, China launched multiple ballistic missiles as part of military exercises. Several of these missiles landed in Japan’s southwestern waters, with one falling just 80 km (50 miles) from Yonaguni, where over 20 local fishing boats were operating at the time.
As of January 2025, the town’s population is 1,695, with approximately 20% now consisting of Self-Defense Forces personnel and their families. With no convenience stores on the island, the growing number of military-related voters is beginning to influence local politics, turning Yonaguni into an increasingly base-dependent community.
The Evolution of Military Presence
The Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF) Yonaguni Garrison was established in 2016 with an initial focus on coastal surveillance. Since then, it has expanded to include an Air Self-Defense Force (ASDF) radar unit from the 53rd Warning Squadron and an electronic warfare unit. Additionally, a JGSDF surface-to-air missile unit is set to be deployed, which will further increase the number of SDF personnel and their families—potentially making up more than a quarter of the local population.
The Positive Aspects
Enhanced National Security: The military presence on Yonaguni serves as a deterrent against potential threats, ensuring the protection of Japan’s southwestern territories.
Economic Boost: The influx of Self-Defense Forces personnel has contributed to the local economy by creating jobs, boosting local businesses, and improving infrastructure.
Improved Disaster Response: Military forces stationed on the island are equipped to provide emergency assistance in case of natural disasters, such as typhoons or earthquakes.
Strategic Importance: Strengthening Yonaguni’s defenses enhances Japan’s ability to monitor and respond to activities in the East China Sea, including potential threats from China.
The Negative Aspects
Increased Geopolitical Tensions: The militarization of Yonaguni risks escalating tensions with China, which views Japan’s actions as provocative, potentially increasing regional instability.
Divided Local Community: While some residents welcome the economic benefits, others fear the island could become a target in the event of a conflict, bringing potential dangers to civilians.
Environmental Concerns: The expansion of military infrastructure may lead to ecological disruption, affecting Yonaguni’s unique natural environment and marine life.
Cultural and Social Impact: The presence of a military base can alter the traditional way of life for the island’s small population, potentially leading to social and cultural shifts that not all residents may welcome.
Conclusion
The militarization of Yonaguni Island is a complex issue with both advantages and drawbacks. While it strengthens Japan’s security and provides economic opportunities, it also raises concerns about regional stability, environmental impacts, and the well-being of local residents. As Japan continues to navigate its defense policies, balancing security needs with the concerns of Yonaguni’s people will remain a critical challenge.